The Sea in Beowulf and in Other Anglo-Saxon Poems Essay -- Epic of Beow

The Sea in Beowulf and in Other Anglo-Saxon Poems      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Is the sea mentioned only in Beowulf or is it a common element in all Anglo-Saxon poetry? Is the sea described the same way as in Beowulf? In Beowulf there is one reference after another to the sea. When Scyld died, â€Å"his people caried him to the sea, which was his last request,† where he drifted out into the beyond on a â€Å"death ship.† In the Geat land Beowulf, a â€Å"crafty sailor,† and his men â€Å"shoved the well-braced ship out on the journey they’d dreamed of,† to rescue the Danes from Grendel. â€Å"From far over the sea’s expanse,† the Geats came, â€Å"brave men who come over the sea swells.† In his welcoming speech Hrothgar recalls that the hero’s father â€Å"sought us Danes over the rolling waves,† and his warrior Unferth remembers that the hero â€Å"struggled with Brecca [youthful companion] in the broad sea in a swimming contest †¦ risked his life in the deep water †¦ hugged the sea, gliding through the boiling waves †¦ toiled seven nights in the sea.† A Dane â€Å"was tending to every courtesy† for Beowulf, for â€Å"such in those days could a seafarer expect.† King Hrothgar and Queen Welhtheow gave rich gifts â€Å"to those on the mead-bench who made the sea-journey.† In the Finnburh Episode, Hengest had to spend the winter months with Finn because â€Å"he could not steer his ring-prowed ship on the cold sea.†Ã‚   â€Å"Guthlaf and Oslaf spoke of their grief after the sea-journey.† The Danes carried Hildeburh, the queen of Danish ancestry, â€Å"over the sea.† â€Å"The surging waters† received Beowulf as he swam in pursuit of Grendel’s mother. During the battle Hrothgar and his retinue stared down at the â€Å"turbulent water.† Finally Beowulf returned, â€Å"protector of sailors, strong swimmer, to land.† Hrothgar, i... ... beat across wastes of water: far warmer to me are the Lord’s kindnesses than this life of death lent us on land. . . .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Seafarer concludes with a rather lengthy prose exhortation to his heareres to fix their hopes on heaven.    The characters in the Old English poem Beowulf certainly delighted in the seas. From this essay it can be appreciated that their attitude toward the sea is both conflictingg with and comparable with that expressed in other Old English poems.    BIBLIOGRAPHY    Alexander, Michael, translator. The Earliest English Poems. New York: Penguin Books, 1991.    Chickering, Howell D.. Beowulf A dual-Language Edition. New York: Anchor Books, 1977.    TheSeafarer. In The Earliest English Poems, translated by Michael Alexander. New York: Penguin Books, 1991.   

Reflecting reality in film documentaries Essay

The paradox of reality stems from the fact that it is a combination of abstract and concrete concepts. Abstract since different kinds of reality can be subjectively formed and understood. It cannot be quantified from a single perspective alone. In the meantime, reality is concrete since it is something that each and every individual must readily confront. Reality is part of mankind’s constant struggle. The puzzling complexity that embodies the notion of reality is even more felt on how it is depicted, presented or articulated in other forms. Literature exploits the power of words to explain reality, singers capitalize on music. But the task becomes even harder as for the case of film makers who are expected to utilize both visual and musical elements to represent reality. In film-making, it cannot be denied that the use of different technologies somehow affect how reality is shown. For every filmmaker, there is the challenge to make their works of art convincing—convincing, in the sense that a film seems to devoid of any technological mediation and corporeal interest—and at the same time retaining the subject matter in its pure and organic form. With this pursuit, the emergence of film documentaries came into life. Kibborn once noted that film documentaries aim to offer a â€Å"window of the world (p. 53). † This would not come as a surprise since films, whether they are created for commercial purposes are indeed reflections of a much wider world view. Some filmmakers have fared well, while some, unfortunately, failed. On the other hand, there are others, who have seen film documentaries as a tool to immortalize not only their works but also their names. The film industry owes it all to the Lumiere Brothers. This generation would not experience the beauty and artistry of films if not for these two. Since early film tools and equipments are not that sophisticated during that time, silent films tend to dominate the (big screen). However, what is even more amazing in this context is the manner in which the Lumiere Brothers have managed to present reality with pure visual images alone. Films do communicate and try to reach to their respective audiences. But then again, the absence of sounds seems to make the presentation a bit complicated and difficult. However, if one would stick to the principle in which reality is comprised of events that are experienced in everyday lives, situations that are commonly confronted by ordinary people, it can be fairly said that the Lumiere Brothers stand out. If one has to take a closer look at Arrival of a Train (Nichols 83), such event is commonly encountered. The camera focuses on the train and the people that arrive in the station. A close shot is chosen as if trying to tell every intricate sequence and details of the said event. Unaware and unscripted, the actors are seen in their most natural ways and manners. Such technique is also used in Nanook of the North by Robert Flaherty. However, Flaherty incorporated some texts. Perhaps it can be argued that the Flaherty wants to make the a more vivid and descriptive storytelling approach. There is the intention to relate to the audience what is actually happening rather than to interpret the stories on their own. There is a scene in the film wherein the boat is being covered with a piece of cloth before going down the river. In this case, a close shot was again used, in order to show how intricate the processes are. Yet, during the part wherein the actual trek is going on, a long shot was utilized, thus readily evoking a feeling that the group is on their journey. The characters looked small during that shot and the notion of space and distance were further highlighted. From documenting everyday routines to inserting texts in the film, documentaries are also flavored with the directors’ political perspective as for the case of Dziga Vertov. Hicks even described Vertov as the so-called â€Å"genie† of propaganda films primarily because of its strong Marxist beliefs and visions (8). Taylor described that Vertov depicted reality through the montage technique (74). In this manner, Vertov, since he is also into propaganda reflects life beyond what is â€Å"ordinarily seen,† but rather it is on â€Å"how it should be seen (Taylor 74). † In the film, Three Songs of Lenin, different scenes are patched together. There is the part wherein a group of marching men were shown and followed by a scene that focuses on three statues. Another group of marching people is presented but this time, women, with holding high powered guns are also shown, then it goes back to the three statues. Vertov, as a propagandist who wanted to tell the people what life should be seem to purport that equality between men and women must be readily observed. At the same time, the three statues that are constantly shown is reflective of an ideology or school of thought that must be readily followed and practiced. In the meantime, John Grierson is a film critic who is one of those who laid down the foundations of realism theories in films (Aitken 162). Elis and Mclane noted that Grierson readily influenced many film makers (73). He is also responsible for proliferating such film genre in â€Å"English-speaking nations (Ellis & Mclane 73). Grierson firmly believes that in order to depict reality properly, reality should be free from all forms of manipulation—that it should be captured in its raw form rather than mastered in artificial environments (Aitken 167). Works Cited Aitken, Ian. European Film Theory and Cinema: A Critical Introduction. Scotland: Edinburgh Press, 2001 Ellis, Jack and Betsy McLane. A New History of Film Documentary. London: Continuum International Publishing, 2005 Hicks, Jeremy. Dziga Vertov: Defining Documentary Film. London: I. B Tauris Publishers, 2007 Kibborn, Richard. Staging the Real: Factual TV Programming in the Age of Big Brother. Oxford, UK: Manchester University Press, 2003 Nichols, Bill. Introduction to Documentary. Bloomington:Indiana University Press, 2001 Taylor, Richard. Film Propaganda: Soviet Russia and Nazi Germany. London: I. B Tauris Publishers, 1998

An Importance of Social Justice - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1058 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/08 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Social Justice Essay Did you like this example? I am seated across my high school counselor in his tiny dim office where only his desk and two chairs fit. In between us, stands his computer and stacks of disorganized documents. He wants to discuss my academic goals, but I get distracted as a piece of food flies out of his mouth and onto his keyboard. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "An Importance of Social Justice" essay for you Create order He is eating his lunch during our appointment, and just as I perceive his lack of interest, I dismiss the conversation entirely. I left the office feeling unimportant and simply a box to be checked off in the counselor’s to do list. Consequently though, it lit a spark of awareness. The realization of inequity and marginalization became more apparent throughout the years as a student. My experience as a former student from Los Angeles Unified initiated my interest for social justice, which then transformed into a commitment when I became a Special Education Teacher. Now, I am ready and excited to take this commitment to a larger scale and become a social justice school leader. I want to create a partnership with administrators, teachers, counselors, support staff, and parents to create a supportive learning environment where all students can thrive. This is my sixth year working at Sun Valley Magnet School, which has about 1,500 students and 93% receive free/reduced lunch. The same middle school I graduated from many years ago. I have taught in both the Special Day Program and in the Resource Specialist Program. As an educator, my students have always been at the center of my work, and I have strived to teach beyond the standards. For instance, co-teaching a unit in an English Language Development (ELD) course, where students did research on the crisis in Syria, had a Q A session with a Syrian immigrant, developed PSAs to present to peers, and concluded the unit with a fundraiser. Throughout this unit, I noticed my students’ attitude changing from passiveness to ownership and empowerment. I have also aimed to combat economically disadvantage student obstacles, such as poor assignment submission due to lack of technology at home and limited support from parents. Therefore, my classroom is open during lunchtime and afterschool for students to use the iPads/printer, and for tutoring. Additionally, I expose my students to opportunities that will enhance their personal development. For instance, nominating students to C5LA: an out-of-state college readiness program during the summer that covers all expenses. The work I have done for my students brings me great joy. Yet, I am aware that I am only scratching the surface, and that I am capable of doing more for them. In 2013, I undertook the role of Special Education Department Chair. This assignment led me to work more with adults where I experienced success, but also disappointment. The disappointment came in the form of prejudice. For instance, colleagues stating with frustration that certain students were unteachable. I noticed that these comments often referred to students with a Behavior Support Plan (BSP), and that teachers felt ill-equipped to deal with these behaviors. The disappointment I felt, changed into eagerness to take action and create an environment where both colleagues and students felt supported. With the assistance of other Special Education Teachers and coordinator, we led a Professional Development (PD). We discussed the role of the Resource Specialist Teacher, instructional and behavior support for students with an Individualized Education Plan (IEP). This PD has continued to be implemented every year, and has evolved and adjusted as the needs of our students and staff ch anged. For example, we became a span school (Grades 6-12), so now the PD is organized into two categories (middle school and high school) to make the topics relevant according to grade levels. This was my first time assuming a leadership role with a firm position for social justice. I learned to be observant of my learning community, and to work collectively to address its needs. An important goal that I hope to achieve as I pursue enrollment in the Principal Leadership Institute (PLI) is to help close the achievement gap that separates English Language Learners (ELL) with and without disabilities from their native English speaker peers. To start, I am interested in studying the effectiveness of shelter classes, which hold a high number of ELLs and students with an IEP. As the number of ELLs continues to increase and new rigorous assessments are enforced, I hope to establish a method of support for this group of students. Another goal that is important for me is to expand my knowledge and abilities to build a partnership with parents. I want parents to understand the unique support they provide to their children’s school success and to be active participants in their education. This objective is in part due to a conversation I had with a parent about the potential I saw in his son. My student was passing his classes with mostly C’s, but it was not a true reflection of his capability. The father replied that he himself had only completed elementary in his home country. If his son only graduated from middle school that was enough for him. As an immigrant myself, I understood this parent. I understood that this country has offered us opportunities that would be nearly impossible to attain in our home country. How dare we ask for more? At the same time, I understood that this way of thinking is in part what allows the cycle of oppression and marginalization in impoverished communities to con tinue. â€Å"We must stop being the canneries,† Janette. These words from a former student’s testimonial on the PLI website resonated with my commitment to social justice. I have a desire to provide quality education and for underrepresented groups to notice and accept their abilities to thrive in this country. This is why PLI and its focus on the political, legal, and social context are a perfect fit for me. These areas will help me understand how school mandates are formed, how they are enforced, and their impact on education. I believe that understanding this process will allow me to create an action plan to best support my students. I am truly committed to equity, quality, and empowerment. Joining PLI is a natural step for me, one I am prepared to take and work tirelessly for, with both effort, and eagerness.

Verificar estatus de caso migratorio con el USCIS

Verificar el estatus del caso de inmigracià ³n en Estados Unidos es un derecho de todas las personas con un caso ante el Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). En ocasiones la demora puede ser tan grande que uno acaba preguntà ¡ndose si es que algo va mal o comienza a tener nervios imaginando lo peor y que su caso no va a ser aprobado. Lo cierto es que casi siempre lo que sucede es que las demoras son muy grandes, particularmente para cierto tipo de trà ¡mites. Por ello, en este artà ­culo se explica cà ³mo se puede conocer quà © està ¡ pasando con la solicitud migratoria por medio de Internet, por telà ©fono o en persona. Ademà ¡s, hacia el final del artà ­culo hay un enlace para averiguar los tiempos promedio que se està ¡n tardando para tramitar peticiones de familia, naturalizaciones, casos en corte e incluso peticiones de visas no inmigrantes.   Opciones para verificar estatus migratorio con USCIS Internet: Por medio de la pà ¡gina oficial USICS https:egov.uscis.gov/casestatus. Se necesita el nà ºmero de identificacià ³n del caso, el cual consta de 13 caracteres (3 letras seguidas por 10 nà ºmeros).Por telà ©fono: 1-800-375-5283. Las personas con problemas de audicià ³n pueden marcar al 1-800-767-1833.En persona: Puede presentarse en cualquier oficina migratoria (solo migrantes con estatus legal). Utilice el sistema InfoPass para concertar una cita previamente.  ¿Cà ³mo verificar el estatus del caso con el USCIS? La pà ¡gina de Internet del Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) ofrece un servicio en inglà ©s y en espaà ±ol para revisar cà ³mo se va procesando el caso migratorio de cada inmigrante. Debe introducirse en la casilla apropiada el nà ºmero de recibo del caso que se quiere verificar y està ¡ compuesto por 13 caracteres. Esto es, tres letras seguido por diez nà ºmeros. Las letras pueden ser cualquiera de las siguientes: EAC, WAC, LIN, SRC. Es muy importante que al introducir no se escriba ningà ºn sà ­mbolo de guion (-). Sin embargo, si el nà ºmero incluye otros sà ­mbolos, como por ejemplo asteriscos (*), sà ­ deben incluirse. El nà ºmero que pide la pà ¡gina del USCIS es el que corresponde a un determinado caso migratorio. Se encuentra en el recibo de confirmacià ³n que envà ­a a cada inmigrante que realiza una peticià ³n o solicitud antes las autoridades migratorias. En el caso de peticiones de tarjeta de residencia para un familiar o de visa de prometido (novio o fiancà ©), ese nà ºmero està ¡ en el documento conocido como NOA1. Despuà ©s de introducir el nà ºmero de recibo, presionar la tecla de verifique estatus. Se abrirà ¡ una pantalla en la que se pueden comprobar los pasos por los que ya ha pasado la solicitud del inmigrante y cuà ¡les està ¡n todavà ­a pendientes.  ¿Cà ³mo recibir actualizaciones de estatus de caso electrà ³nico? Cada inmigrante que tiene un caso pendiente con el USCIS puede solicitar que se le mantenga al dà ­a sobre cà ³mo se va procesando su solicitud mediante correo electrà ³nico. Para este caso es preciso crear previamente una cuenta en la pà ¡gina del Servicio de Inmigracià ³n presionando en inscribirse como cliente solicitante. A continuacià ³n, debe aceptar los tà ©rminos y condiciones de uso de este servicio y ya se puede darse de alta en este servicio. Informacià ³n electrà ³nica para planillas N-400 e I-90 Solo para los casos de los formularios N-400, para solicitar la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense por naturalizacià ³n, o I-90, la solicitud para reemplazar la tarjeta de residente permanente o green card, es posible verificar el estatus del caso mediante el denominado e-request. Para poder utilizar este servicio es necesario que ya haya transcurrido el tiempo normal de procesamiento de estos documentos y no se tenga respuesta. Por ejemplo, en la actualidad para el N-400 està ¡ entre 12 y 20 meses, variando enormemente segà ºn la oficina encargada para su procesamiento. Por otro lado, para el I-90, de 4 meses a 10 meses y medio. Si pasado este tiempo no tiene noticias, puede plantear su pregunta. Si sigue sin obtener respuesta, debe dejar pasar 30 dà ­as antes de volver a pedir una explicacià ³n. Solicitud de informacià ³n sobre el estatus del caso en persona Los inmigrantes con estatus migratorio legal pueden verificar el estatus del caso presentà ¡ndose en las oficinas del USCIS y, tras esperar en fila a que llegue su turno, preguntar por su caso. O tambià ©n es posible concertar una cita para un dà ­a y una hora en concreto mediante el servicio InfoPass. Es muy importante que los migrantes indocumentados no se presenten voluntariamente en persona en las oficinas del USCIS ya que pueden ser detenidos. Sin embargo, en los casos en los que han sido previamente citados sà ­ deben presentarse, pero es altamente recomendable que vayan acompaà ±ados de abogados migratorios. Solicitud por telà ©fono de informacià ³n sobre estatus de caso Los migrantes tambià ©n pueden comunicarse con el Servicio de Inmigracià ³n por telà ©fono, marcando al 1-800-375-5283 o al 1-800-767-1833, si se sufre de algà ºn problema de audicià ³n. Se brinda servicio en inglà ©s y en espaà ±ol. Se puede llamar a cualquier otra para recibir informacià ³n automatizada, es decir, ofrecida por una computadora. Para hablar con una persona es preciso realizar la llamada en horas de oficina (8am a 6 pm) de lunes a viernes, si el inmigrante se encuentra en cualquiera de los estados de EUA excepto Hawaii (8am-4pm) o Alaska (8am-5pm). Recuerde tener a mano toda la informacià ³n necesaria, como el nà ºmero de caso, el Alien Registration Number, si se tiene, el pasaporte o cualquier otro documento que contenga informacià ³n importante sobre su situacià ³n de inmigracià ³n en USA. Verificar estatus de caso con el CENTRO NACIONAL DE VISAS Despuà ©s de que el USCIS apruebe una peticià ³n de visa no inmigrante, si la tramitacià ³n debe seguir un procesamiento consular (cuando la persona pedida està ¡ fuera de EEUU o, si està ¡ aquà ­, no puede ajustar su estatus) la solicitud pasa al Centro Nacional de Visas (NVC, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Y aquà ­ se va a recibir un nuevo nà ºmero de caso, que es el que se debe utilizar para comunicarse con el NVC. Es muy importante entender, ademà ¡s, que en los siguientes casos la tramitacià ³n va a quedar dormida por un tiempo: peticià ³n de ciudadano de green card para hijos casados, hijos solteros mayores de 21 aà ±os y hermanospeticià ³n de residentes para cà ³nyuges e hijos solteros (menores y mayores de 21 aà ±os)peticiones de green card patrocinadas por empleador Esto se debe a que es necesario que haya tarjetas de residencia disponibles para la categorà ­a por la que se aplica. Asà ­, es posible obtener la aprobacià ³n en unos meses pero tener que esperar incluso aà ±os por la green card. Una vez que hay nà ºmero de visa disponible, comienza la fase final de la tramitacià ³n. La disponibilidad de tarjetas de residencia o determinadas categorà ­as de visas se puede verificar en el à ºltimo boletà ­n de visas  del Departamento de Estado, para ello hay que tener a mano la fecha de prioridad que aparece en la carta que se conoce como NOA2, y que envià ³ el USCIS. Por el contrario, las peticiones de ciudadano para cà ³nyuge, hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os y padres no tienen que esperar, por lo que una vez que lleguen al NVC se procederà ¡ a su tramitacià ³n sin demora. Tiempos de demora en tramitacià ³n y quà © hacer con retrasos. Es posible informarse de cuà ¡nto aproximadamente se està ¡n demorando los casos similares ante el USCIS dependiendo de la oficina de tramitacià ³n, visas no inmigrantes, migrantes, NVC e incluso en  Corte etc. Ademà ¡s, en casos de demoras mà ¡s allà ¡ de lo habitual para el mismo tipo de casos, se puede demandar mediante lo que se conoce como un writ of mandamus. Para ellos, consultar antes con un abogado. De interà ©s para obtener confiable informacià ³n para resolver inquietudes Para obtener mà ¡s informacià ³n sobre telà ©fonos o pà ¡ginas webs en los que acudir para encontrar informacià ³n oficial, denunciar fraudes migratorios o encontrar asesorà ­a legal a buen precio y reputada se puede consultar esta lista importante de recursos para migrantes. Este es un artà ­culo meramente informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

How Nelson Mandela Encouraged His Country to Move On

C. S. Lewis once said, â€Å"Getting over a painful experience is much like crossing monkey bars. You have to let go at some point in order to move forward.† Nelson Mandela helped his country cross the monkey bars from apartheid to democracy, from Once a left-wing extremist, Mandela’s 27 years in prison taught him that the only way his country would survive and thrive was if his people learned to forgive and move on. A willingness to forgive can be all it takes to unite a fiercely divided country. The new South African government, led by President Mandela, addressed the â€Å"need for understanding but not for vengeance, a need for reparation but not for retaliation, a need for ubuntu but not for victimisation† (Volmink 191). Ubuntu, a Bantu word meaning, â€Å"I am because you are,† expresses the concept that our humanity is inherently bound up with one another. Volmink, argues that we can never be complete as human beings as long as we are alienated from one another (191). As part of the beginning of the post-apartheid era, Nelson Mandela and the African National Congress (ANC) established the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), which â€Å"promoted reconciliation as an ideal, not only for nation-building, but also for individual healing† (Muiu 137). This idea for a safe environment in which both victims and perpetrators could vent and share their stories without judgement gave the commission it’s power. All participants were guided toward reconciliation and some wereShow MoreRelatedNelson Mandela a Transformation Leader Essay850 Words   |  4 PagesNelson Mandela A Transformation Leader This week we are asked to discuss a prominent leader that we admire, Nelson Mandela was an easy choice for me. An effective leader according to the text is â€Å"someone who works with, motivates, and helps followers to attain their common organizational goals† (Weiss, 2011, p.234). 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Larissa Carter Administrative Leadership PA562 Instructor: John Nesbitt May 2, 2015 Number of Words w/o Footnotes: 2111 Spell/Grammar Checked: Y Number of Fnotes/Sources Citations: 34 Sources NumberRead MoreThe Apartheid Of South Africa1510 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom its own national party also known as apartheid, an all-white government. They sought to move the South African people to make way for an all-white South Africa. In their stride to achieve this, the laws they imposed on them made their lives harder; despite this, the persecuted sought freedom. Through all this some believe that the apartheid was easily ended. It can be argued this from the fact of how everything transpired to the ultimate downfall of the apartheid from outside and inner pressures

Why Censorship is bad Essay Example For Students

Why Censorship is bad Essay Censorship is berated and attacked verbally by proponents of freedom of expression. Yet these same individuals seek solutions to the problems needling society. A cause is always sought after and more often than not one of its causes, the freedom of expression, particularly in television, is not given enough consideration. Our free speech and our decisions to act and behave according to how we see fit is covered under the (#) Amendment(s). However, the First Amendment is not an excuse to allow networks and their shows writers to pass on just nything to the viewing public. Andrew Carnegie himself was a patron of the arts and thus said in his dedication address at the library of Pittsburgh: There is no class so pitiably wretched as that which possesses money and nothing elseMy aspirations take a higher flight. Mine be it to have contributed to the enlightenment and the joys of the mind, to the things of the spirit, to all that tends to bring into the lives of the toilers of Pittsburgh sweetness and light. I hold this the noblest possible use of wealth. Imagine the look on Mr. Carnegies face if he were to witness the noblest possible use of his wealth going towards not the high-minded art of producing noteworthy things, but to the production of such adulterated shows as Temptation Island or the tasteless jokes told on late-night television. An argument frequently made that it is the parents responsibility, and not a government to impose on the public what is good and bad to watch. The invention and introduction of the V-chip wrenches the control from parents and laces it into the television set, an already untrustworthy source of images prone to create more of a harmful dependence than enlightened independence. The V-ship, in its technological glory, is supposed to read a program and search for the very things the parent has dictated to be unsuitable, and then filter out those images. Unfortunately, the coding of ratings is voluntary, and though compliance is progressing or has progressed, it still remains to be seen whether information of the V-chip itself will be made readily available to the arenting owners of television sets. The July 5, 1999 deadline for half of all TV sets to be installed with the new technology has since been past and met. Most major companies (Philips, Sanyo, Samsung, Sharp, Sony, Toshiba, Thomson and Zenith) have fully complied, with the hope that the remaining companies fall readily into compliance. Last but not least is the trumpeting cry for the children. When learning tasks, skills, and non(acceptable) behaviors, children take a monkey see, monkey do approach. Perhaps the reason why Sesame Street is so popular is because hildren are allowed to imitate the Count counting or repeat the sound of words being sounded out from the television screen. In the same way that television can aid in the learning of young children, it can also help foster within them aggression. : The average American child will have watched 100,000 acts of televised violence, including 8000 depictions of murder, by the time he or she finishes sixth grade (approximately 13 years old). These acts of violence that flash across the pupils of the young does harm from the fact that children follow examples.

Partnership Form of Business Samples for Students -Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the Partnership Firm. Answer: Introduction Partnership by definition refers to a relationship which exists between persons with mutual concern and common interest to start a business venture with a motive to continue it further with a view to earning profit. The mutual rights and duties of partners are ascertained by an agreement known as partnership deed wherein the share of profit and other important clauses are mentioned and under respective act be it registered or unregistered partnership business. The partnership deed or agreement is a mutual contract and has agreement papers and documents governing the terms, rules and regulation and strict norms to be followed by each and every partner during the course of the partnership business. However, in the recent era partnership firms involving a group of people do render names to different partners. The names given are Chief Executive Officer, Managing Director, Junior Partners and Senior Partners. The report below will shed light on partnership, the business, partnership deed and the basis of compensating the partners. Determination of the senior partner A partnership firm can be started as registered or unregistered and set up any major or minor area according to their line of interest. A partnership starts with minimum two people involved and can extend up to many owners even beyond hundred depending upon the partnership firms scale of business. Persons who form a partnership with each other are called individually partners and if a group of people collectively form it is known as a partnership firm. The designation of partners is not to be termed legally rather it is not necessary or bounded by law to keep a separate name or designation for each partner working in the firm (Grant, 2010). They are at a whole known as partners of the firm by the corporate world. All these partners are whatever designation given still abounds by their role and responsibilities are already written under the partnership agreement signed by all the partners at the initiation level. The designation given to each partner differs from firm to firm on what basis and assumptions each partner are given their designations and role under the firm (Savas, 2000). A firm can give a partner the designation of a senior level partner on various terms and reasons such as a senior partner can be the one who has the longest experience in the business world and can give maximum benefits in order to run the partnership firm profitably (Jones Noble, 2008). The designation of senior partner on allocation can also be given to a partner who has made the highest amount of capital investment at the initiation of the firm or has the highest stake in the firm (Faulkner, 1995). A partner plays the supervisory role at any decision taken for the benefit or any solution for any problem arisi ng in the firm and interfacing with the in-house contact for expansion and diversification of business. Senior partners designation can also be given to such partner who has the supreme level of involvement in the affairs of the business compared to any other partner, his responsibility, and risk associated with the firm is also higher than any other partner, which in turn also means that the rewards which are the profit sharing ratio of that partner is higher and thus he can considering all these aspects can be denoted as Senior partner (Grant, 2010). Senior partner is generally the one who is accountable for main decision making for the partnership firm. Herein the management student is provided the responsibility of a senior partner. Agreement to share profit A partnership agreement is prepared at the initial level of the business. The basis for which profit is shared to the partners is defined by the profit sharing ratio, which means the ratio in which the profits, as well as the losses, is distributed or divided among each individual partner. There are situations where the profit sharing and loss sharing ratio is different for different partners. It can be said that the profit sharing ratio principle varies from firm to firm but the profit sharing ratio method should always be finalized when the agreement of partnership is made (Kelman, 2005). When such circumstances arrive that there has been no finalization in the partnership deed or agreement about the method of profit sharing ratio then in such circumstances the profits, as well as losses, are evenly or equally distributed among each individual partners. Profits or loss distributed among partners can be distributed as the ratio of their capital contribution made in the business if a lready agreed and put in the partnership deed (Sinha, 2016). Profit sharing ratio can be based on any other factor as mentioned in the partnership deed mutual consented by all the partners. If any clauses of interest to be paid to partners on the basis of capital contribution is mentioned in the agreement then the partners are liable to be paid interest simultaneously but in the absence of such agreement or the absence of such clause in the partnership deed no partner shall be entitled to receive any kind of interest on any amount of capital contributions made by them even if the profit sharing ratio varies or the capital contribution made by the partners is varied (Jones Noble, 2008). One more important thing to be noted is that even if the partnership agreement has permitted for payment of interest on capital contribution but it is observed that the partnership firm is not being able to generate profits and running on losses in such situation no interest should be allowed to draw n by the partners (Moncrieff, 2014). The profit sharing ratio in the agreement clause not only determines the basis on which profits and losses are to be shared among the partners but also prevents any misunderstanding or problem ever arising among the partners related to this profit sharing ratio, interest on capital contribution and any other matter which could hinder the smooth operation of the partnership firm (Matt Simon, 2014). Factor that influences the salary of partners Partnership by definition refers to a relationship which exists between persons with mutual concern and common interest to start a business venture with a motive to continue it further with a view to earning profit. The mutual rights and duties of partners are ascertained by an agreement known as partnership deed wherein the share of profit and other important clauses are mentioned and under respective act be it registered or unregistered partnership business. The property and rights along with interest that are brought into the partnership stock or an acquisition is done through purchase or any other method due to the act of partnership or any other mechanism in the operations of partnership are stated in the Act and should be considered by all partners and all acts of the partners should adhere to it. Partners are bound to render true accounts and full information of all things affecting the partnership to any partner or his legal representative (Sinha, 2016). The partners of a partnership business have a priority to earn profits by the best way possible to expand their business. The distribution of profits to the partner is done after meeting every cost of the business and paying the expenses. Moreover, it needs to be noted that some partner may receive a salary owing to their contribution that is additional to the share in the profits that are allocated (Matt Simon, 2014). We can surely consider paying a salary to each partner who put in and reflects their expertise, experience or ability to generate business for the partnership. It is always said a little extra effort deserves a little extra pay (Teisman Klijn, 2002). A portion of guaranteed payment in form of salary can be given to those partners who has that very active management and participation in day to day management of the business, trying every bit from hard to easy ways of flourishing the business, gathering ideas of how to generate maximum profits, protecting the company from incurring any extra cost or ways to bear minimum losses (Huxham, 1996). Such partners should be awarded an extra source of income in the form of salary or fixed remuneration per month other than the profits emerging out of that partnership agreement and on the basis of the investment made by each and every partner. These extra incomes will boost the morale of the partners make them mentally happy and motivate them to do put in that extra effort and devote their full time in the progress and expansion of business which is reasonable and fair (Marsh, 2009). A salary of payment that is guaranteed can be said to be a sum that is specified or projected as per the percentage of the gross income over a span of time. A salary or guaranteed payment is either a set amount per month or it is a set percentage of the partnerships gross income over the period. Any income that derives from a partnership whether it is a distribution of profit or salary is considered as an ordinary income. This is reported to every partner at his tax return. The main difference when it comes to paying salary to a partner and distributing profit is that the service of Internal Revenue does not take into consideration the partner as an employee for the matter of tax withholding, expenses of the business sand deferred plans of business (Svejenova et. al, 2016) It might happen that the payment of salary to one partner might influence the other partner due to the salary cost as it considered as a deduction from the income tax of another partner. Hence, in this manner, the partners that provide capital can lessen the bill of tax by compensating the service partner in terms of salary (Smith et. al, 2010). As per the sections and laws governing the partnership act, it is considered that a salary received by a partner from a partnership firm is taxable as business income, they accordingly get benefits under the tax laws and the partners salary shall be considered as gross receipts for the partnership business. Inclusion in a partnership agreement A partnership agreement is a mutual contract between the partners who start a business with mutual concern and with a view to earning profit from a registered or unregistered partnership business. This mutual contract has agreement papers and documents governing the terms, rules and regulation and strict norms to be followed by each and every partner during the course of the partnership business. A partnership agreement is prepared at the initial level of the business. The agreement should be made covering all aspects of the law in front of an attorney or under the guidance of an attorney so that all the important points rather rules of the partnership agreement is incorporated in it right from the formation to the dissolution of the partnership business (McLaney Atrill, 2012). This agreement is of immense valuation so that there is no conflict between any partners while running the business and if any queries, confusions or problem arises it can be sorted out with the help of the p artnership agreement ( Holloway Parmigiani, 2014). Basically, a partnership agreement defines the roles and duties of each partner, provides clarity for taxation issues, the solution to avoid legal and liability issues and to handle partner issues. The main points in a partnership agreement should be Name and address of partnership, the duration for which the partnership business shall last, what is the main business purpose for which the partnership is made for, the financial account information of each and every partner, the investment or contribution made by each partner and the ratio of profit to be shared, circumstances under which new partners might be admitted into the partnership, working hours of every partner, the degree of control of each partner should be clearly mentioned in the agreement, the extent of liability each partner holds in the business , ratio to which losses to be borne by the partners, types of business activities that is needed for the partners., disposi tion of the name of the partners if the partner leaves, resolution of the dispute (if any arises and the agreement of buy and sell (Holloway Parmigiani, 2014). Other factors The other factors to be included in the partnership agreement for salary or remuneration to be paid for that partners whose extra time devotion and reflection of their expertise and experience in flourishing and expansion of the business are the specific amount of remuneration to be paid to each working partner or the manner of quantifying such remuneration or salary, the tax benefit implications to be followed if remuneration is paid to partners, conditions under which a partner is acclaimed to entitle remuneration from the partnership business (Scott, 1995). The agreement should differentiate between a working and a non-working partner. The clause in the agreement determining the percentage of book profit to be paid as remuneration should be specified, the timings when the salary or remuneration to be withdrawn be it monthly, quarterly or yearly should be clarified in the partnership agreement, clarification of whether the remuneration partner will be allotted fixed salary the effo rts put in by each partner should be specified. The reason why it is critical to include the salary arrangements or guaranteed payments in a written partnership agreement for two reasons. First, the salaried partner will want to have the security of knowing the agreed clauses which are clear and understood by both parties. Second, the written agreement can help to support the claim that the payments to the salaried partner were not distributions of profits (Nag et. al, 2007). This is important because the amounts paid to the salaried partner are used to reduce the taxable income of the partnership, and if the payments are treated as a distribution of net profits, these deductions will be eliminated and the partners tax liability will increase. Conclusion As per the report, it is clear that partnership is a link that is present between the people that have mutual consent and have a desire to continue the business by sharing the advantage they possess. Moreover, the partnership form of business depends upon the partnership deed and hence need to abide by the clause that is present. Going by the overall report, it can be commented that partnership form of business is relevant when their different partners wants to share their positive point in conducting the business. Hence, it is best when people have a different area of interest. It provides greater vision and the ability to deal with the scenario. References Faulkner, D. 1995, International strategic alliances: co-operating to compete, London, New York, McGraw-Hill. Grant, R.M 2010, Contemporary Strategy Analysis, Chichester, UK: John Wiley Sons. Holloway, S. S Parmigiani, A 2014, Friends and Profits Dont Mix: The Performance Implications of Repeated Partnerships, Academy of Management Journal vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 460 Huxham, C 1996, Creating collaborative advantage, London, Sage Jones, R. Noble, G. 2008, Managing the implementation of public-private partnerships, Public Money Management vol. 28, pp. 109-114. Kelman, S. 2005, Public Management Needs Help!, The Academy of Management Journal vol. 48, pp. 967-969. Marsh, C 2009, Mastering financial management, Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall. McLaney, E. Atrill, P 2012, Accounting, Harlow: Financial Times/Prentice Hall. Matt B Simon P 2014, Accounting and Finance for Managers, Kogan Page Limited Moncrieff, J 2014, Is strategy making a difference?, Long Range Planning Review vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 273276. Nag, R, Ham brick, D. C Chen, M.J, 2007, What is strategic management, really? Inductive derivation of a consensus definition of the field, Strategic Management Journal vol. 28, no. 9, pp. 935955 Savas, E. S 2000, Privatisation and public-private partnerships, New York, Chatham House Publishers. Scott, W. R 1995, Institutions and organizations, Thousand Oaks, Calif. ; London, Sage. Sinha, DK 2016, Partnership Firms: Definition, Features, Advantages and Disadvantages, viewed 16 May 2017 https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/partnership-firms/partnership-firms-definition-features-advantages-and-disadvantages/40804/ Smith, W.K, Binns, A Tushman, M.L 2010, Complex business models: Managing strategic paradoxes simultaneously, Long range planning vol. 43, no. 448-461 Svejenova, S., Planellas, M Vives, L 2010, An individual business model in the making: Achefs quest for creative freedom,Long range planning vol. 43, pp. 408-430 Teisman, G. R Klijn, E. H. 2002, Partnership arrangements: Governmental rhetoric or governance scheme?., Public Administration Review vol. 60, pp. 197-205